日前(qian)，質檢(jian)總局科(ke)技司官員王(wang)越薇(wei)在全國進出口商品質量安全風(feng)險管理工作推進部署會上報告(gao)，主題是檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測認證機構(gou)整合改革(ge)的進展(zhan)報告(gao)。

　　質檢(jian)(jian)總局科技司(si)王(wang)越薇(wei)講到，檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)整合(he)改革(ge)是黨中(zhong)央和國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)下發的(de)一(yi)項重要(yao)改革(ge)任務(wu)(wu)，是國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)為加(jia)快轉變政(zheng)(zheng)府職能，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)政(zheng)(zheng)企(qi)分開(kai)、事(shi)企(qi)分開(kai)、管辦分離的(de)重要(yao)舉措。檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)改革(ge)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)年(nian)多來，取得了重要(yao)進(jin)(jin)展。據統(tong)計，到2014年(nian)低，全國(guo)事(shi)業(ye)單位性(xing)質的(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)同(tong)比(bi)下降(jiang)1.97%，企(qi)業(ye)性(xing)質的(de)檢(jian)(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)同(tong)比(bi)上升1.52%。檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)測機(ji)構(gou)整合(he)改革(ge)對檢(jian)(jian)測行業(ye)特(te)別是事(shi)業(ye)單位產生重要(yao)影響。

　　改革的進展和成果

　　從中央層面，按(an)照國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公(gong)廳轉(zhuan)發質檢(jian)總(zong)局(ju)關(guan)于整(zheng)(zheng)合檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)認證機構實施(shi)(shi)意(yi)見的(de)通知，質檢(jian)總(zong)局(ju)成立了11個部門(men)組(zu)成的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)合工作(zuo)組(zu)，收到24份(fen)中央部門(men)整(zheng)(zheng)合實施(shi)(shi)方案或指導意(yi)見，部門(men)整(zheng)(zheng)合工作(zuo)有序進行。為了加強對(dui)先期事檢(jian)單位的(de)政(zheng)策支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)，科技(ji)司和發改委(wei)高技(ji)術司聯(lian)合實施(shi)(shi)對(dui)高技(ji)術產業(ye)的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)力度，優(you)(you)先支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)轉(zhuan)企改制整(zheng)(zheng)合力度大(da)、成效顯著(zhu)的(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)機構;優(you)(you)先支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)參與國(guo)家檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)高技(ji)術服務業(ye)及地區(qu)建(jian)設(she);優(you)(you)先支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)實施(shi)(shi)跨部門(men)、跨層級、跨地區(qu)整(zheng)(zheng)合組(zu)建(jian)大(da)型檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)集團的(de)機構。目(mu)前相關(guan)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)申報工作(zuo)已結束，并上報至發改委(wei)。

　　科(ke)技司(si)(si)和科(ke)技部政法司(si)(si)聯合開展質檢(jian)系統檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測認(ren)證(zheng)機構的(de)轉企改制，提(ti)升科(ke)技服務能(neng)力的(de)質檢(jian)項目，明(ming)確了三(san)個方面(mian)的(de)質檢(jian)任務：

　　一是(shi)加快(kuai)推進具備條件的檢驗檢測認證機構(gou)的轉(zhuan)企改制;

　　二是加強檢驗檢測認(ren)證科技服務能力和(he)服務體(ti)制建設;

　　三是要(yao)探(tan)索建立(li)檢驗檢測認證服務(wu)的新(xin)型管理體制(zhi)機制(zhi)，并制(zhi)定試點配套政策。

　　從質檢系統層面，質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總局作為全國(guo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測認證機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)改革的(de)(de)牽頭部門之(zhi)一，需完成(cheng)的(de)(de)三個主要的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)改任務：一是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)質量認證中(zhong)(zhong)心及(ji)直(zhi)屬檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)局所屬的(de)(de)31家評審中(zhong)(zhong)心，整(zheng)(zheng)體轉企(qi)改制(zhi)，并入(ru)(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)集團(tuan)。此項目已經上報中(zhong)(zhong)央，等待批復(fu);二是整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)出入(ru)(ru)境(jing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)系統的(de)(de)相關檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測認證機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)對(dui)同一區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)綜合(he)(he)設置，總局先建立公(gong)益一類機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)和(he)公(gong)益二類機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)平(ping)臺(tai)，將涉及(ji)衛生檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)、動植物檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)、食品安全以及(ji)風(feng)險防控等不易或(huo)不能由市場(chang)配置資源(yuan)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)職能進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)，名稱分為區(qu)名加(jia)上檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)疫(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心，劃為公(gong)益一類;技術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)心、保健中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)其(qi)余的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測職能在直(zhi)屬局范圍內(nei)再分別進(jin)行(xing)(xing)縱向整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)，劃入(ru)(ru)公(gong)益二類，目前正(zheng)在與中(zhong)(zhong)編辦、財(cai)政部磋商。三是開展特種設備(bei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)試點，去(qu)年11月，山東(dong)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)院等8家簽(qian)署協(xie)議，共(gong)同組建中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特種設備(bei)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測集團(tuan)，現已發展到15家，數家機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)正(zheng)在商量加(jia)入(ru)(ru)事宜。

　　從地方層面，去年9月，中央編辦同(tong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總局(ju)(ju)在(zai)(zai)武漢(han)召開部(bu)(bu)分省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)工作(zuo)座談會(hui)，對地方(fang)(fang)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工作(zuo)提出要求。今年3月，總局(ju)(ju)印(yin)發(fa)全(quan)國質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)系(xi)統檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)指導意見，明確質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)系(xi)統檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)按照公(gong)(gong)益類和經營(ying)類兩類進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。部(bu)(bu)署了整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)改革(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)三大(da)重點任務(wu)(wu)、六(liu)大(da)改革(ge)(ge)試(shi)點和四項保障措施(shi)。近期，部(bu)(bu)分省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)區市，在(zai)(zai)政府主導下(xia)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工作(zuo)取(qu)得積極進(jin)(jin)展，湖北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)局(ju)(ju)正在(zai)(zai)報批(pi)長(chang)江(jiang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)集團(tuan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)改革(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)案(an)，湖北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)院縱(zong)向整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)15家(jia)(jia)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)后，規模、能力和效益都(dou)顯著提升。江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)2005年整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)95家(jia)(jia)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)基礎上，今年4月，江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)院申請作(zuo)為出資人(ren)投資2000萬(wan)元，組建江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科技有限責任公(gong)(gong)司(si)，開始向市場轉型探索。此外，江(jiang)蘇(su)首個檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)集聚區揭牌(pai)，50余家(jia)(jia)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)落(luo)戶南(nan)京。云(yun)南(nan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)局(ju)(ju)將楚雄等6個自治(zhi)州、縣出口(kou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)人(ren)、財(cai)、物整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)至省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珠寶質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)研究(jiu)院，打(da)造云(yun)南(nan)珠寶質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)平臺的(de)(de)形象。山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)已對全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)實(shi)施(shi)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)轉企改制(zhi)，不(bu)設公(gong)(gong)益機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)公(gong)(gong)益服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)以政府購買服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)式實(shi)現(xian)(xian)。浙江(jiang)海鹽原標準件檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)中心(xin)完成(cheng)了從縣級事業(ye)單位(wei)到國有控股(gu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技術有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)改制(zhi)。廣州市積極推(tui)進(jin)(jin)國家(jia)(jia)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)高技術服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業(ye)集聚區建設，檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)案(an)和檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)集團(tuan)組建方(fang)(fang)案(an)已經報批(pi)市政府。成(cheng)都(dou)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)院2014年檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)入(ru)超過2.4億元，同(tong)比增長(chang)20%，正在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)下(xia)一(yi)步的(de)(de)研究(jiu)探索，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)實(shi)體(ti)化(hua)，最終實(shi)現(xian)(xian)事業(ye)單位(wei)轉企改制(zhi)。另外，江(jiang)蘇(su)、貴州、浙江(jiang)都(dou)先后印(yin)刷了本省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)指導意見。

　　存在問題

　　一個是缺(que)乏(fa)倒逼機(ji)制，目前事業單位(wei)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測認證機(ji)構能取(qu)得財政補助(zhu)，可借助(zhu)部門行(xing)業的優勢承載(zai)市場業務，缺(que)乏(fa)改革的壓力(li)和(he)(he)動力(li)，相當一部分機(ji)構和(he)(he)主管部門不愿(yuan)意整合，強調自己的公益(yi)性和(he)(he)不可替代性。

　　二是(shi)激(ji)(ji)勵措(cuo)(cuo)施不(bu)足，國務(wu)院發布了關(guan)于機(ji)關(guan)事業單位工作人員養老保險制度的(de)決定，對(dui)檢驗檢測認證機(ji)構(gou)整合最(zui)關(guan)心的(de)社會保障(zhang)問題，但是(shi)缺乏(fa)機(ji)構(gou)轉企(qi)改制的(de)激(ji)(ji)勵措(cuo)(cuo)施。

　　三是(shi)監管沒有統一的法律制度，這(zhe)還需要國家層面(mian)出(chu)臺(tai)政策，解決事(shi)業(ye)單位轉企改制的問題(ti)。

　　下一步措施

　　一(yi)是(shi)明(ming)(ming)確(que)事(shi)業單位(wei)(wei)的(de)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)。推進檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測認(ren)證機(ji)(ji)構改革，首先要明(ming)(ming)確(que)機(ji)(ji)構定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)，一(yi)類是(shi)政府(fu)編(bian)，檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測不收費(fei)，由政府(fu)買(mai)單，另一(yi)類是(shi)經營類，其中非盈(ying)利機(ji)(ji)構準(zhun)成(cheng)本收費(fei)，稅收予以(yi)優(you)惠，對盈(ying)利機(ji)(ji)構，市(shi)場要完全放開，公(gong)平競(jing)爭，不能(neng)既(ji)享受(shou)政府(fu)投(tou)入，又在(zai)市(shi)場營收;不能(neng)既(ji)要行政級(ji)別又要市(shi)場收入，質檢(jian)總(zong)局將和中編(bian)辦(ban)進一(yi)步明(ming)(ming)確(que)事(shi)業單位(wei)(wei)，特別是(shi)公(gong)益(yi)一(yi)類和公(gong)益(yi)二(er)類事(shi)業單位(wei)(wei)的(de)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)，要求事(shi)業單位(wei)(wei)性(xing)質的(de)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫認(ren)證機(ji)(ji)構從競(jing)爭性(xing)領域退出，不得從事(shi)盈(ying)利性(xing)業務，形成(cheng)改革的(de)倒(dao)逼機(ji)(ji)制。

　　二是促進政府(fu)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)，研究制定檢驗檢測(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)服(fu)行業的(de)(de)政府(fu)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)服(fu)務的(de)(de)具(ju)體管(guan)理(li)規定，促進政府(fu)部(bu)門行政執法監管(guan)，或市場監督(du)抽查(cha)等采取社會購(gou)(gou)買(mai)服(fu)務，或者采信第三方(fang)檢驗檢測(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)結果的(de)(de)方(fang)式。

　　三是加快推進行政(zheng)(zheng)法規(gui)立法，建立統(tong)一完(wan)善的檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)認(ren)證機構監管制(zhi)度(du)，加強行業(ye)和市場監管，進一步(bu)規(gui)范檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)行業(ye)行政(zheng)(zheng)職責和審批事項，取消行業(ye)限制(zhi)，結合紅頂中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)清理工作(zuo)，禁止(zhi)部門(men)所屬的檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)認(ren)證中(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)機構以(yi)行政(zheng)(zheng)權利(li)承接相關(guan)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)認(ren)證業(ye)務。

　　目前質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)總局正和中編辦(ban)研究起(qi)草(cao)深化(hua)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)機(ji)構(gou)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革的實施意見(jian)，計(ji)劃在今年11月(yue)召開全(quan)國檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)機(ji)構(gou)整合(he)工(gong)作會(hui)議(yi)，組織(zhi)33個中央部門代表(biao)和全(quan)國質檢(jian)(jian)(jian)部門的代表(biao)參會(hui)，部署(shu)加快各(ge)級檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)機(ji)構(gou)整合(he)、轉企(qi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)制(zhi)、所有制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革等(deng)相關工(gong)作，進一步(bu)加大全(quan)國檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)認證(zheng)機(ji)構(gou)的整合(he)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革推進力(li)度(du)。